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1.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 29(1): 125-135, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-990761

ABSTRACT

Abstract Many people use medicinal plants to relieve disorders related to the central nervous system, such as depression, epilepsy, anxiety and pain, even though the effectiveness of most of them has not yet been proven through scientific studies. Plants of the Lippia genus, Verbenaceae, are widely used in ethnobotany as a food, for seasoning and in antiseptic remedies. They are also marketed and used for the treatment of different types of pain, including stomach ache, abdominal pain and headache, as well as being used as sedatives, anxiolytics and anticonvulsants. Despite their widespread use, there are no reviews on the central nervous system profile of plants of this genus. Therefore, the databases Medline-PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science were searched using the terms Lippia and biologic activity. Thirty-five papers were found. Eleven species of Lippia showed central nervous system activity, with leaves and the aerial parts of plants being the most commonly used, especially in aqueous and ethanol extracts or volatile oil. The species are composed mainly of terpenoids and phenylpropanoids, including polyketides, flavonoids and in less quantity some alkaloids. Although several species of Lippia present analgesic activity, most studies have not explored the mechanisms responsible for this effect, however, there is some evidence that volatile oils and constituents of the extracts may be responsible for the relief of some CNS disorders, but the effects on pain modulation seem to be the most exploited so far.

2.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 14(6): 491-508, Nov. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-907511

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho visa registrar as práticas terapêuticas da comunidade Catolé utilizando a diversidade local das plantas medicinais verificando a versatilidade das espécies, consenso de uso e conhecimento dos informantes. Foram registradas 46 espécies nativas com fins medicinais, pertencentes a 42 gêneros e 26 famílias com destaque para Fabaceae. Dez espécimes apresentaram grande versatilidade de uso, no entanto Ximennia americana L. e Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth., apresentaram os maiores valores de IR (2,0 e 1,65). As indicações terapêuticas foram agrupadas em 15 categorias de sistemas corporais, com maior fator de consenso entre os informantes para; Doenças infecciosas e parasitárias (1,0), Transtorno do sistema respiratório (0,82) e Doenças das glândulas endócrinas, da nutrição e do metabolismo (0,81). Devido à diversidade de espécies nativas registradas, pode-se concluir que a preservação dessa área é de grande importância para a conservação da biodiversidade local e os informantes envolvidos possuem um vasto conhecimento da vegetação contribuindo para o conhecimento de plantas potencialmente úteis do cerrado.


This work aims to record the therapeutical practices of the community Catolé utilizing local diversity of medicinal plants verifying the versatility of the species, consensus usage and knowledge of the informants. Were recorded 46 native species for medicinal purposes, belonging to 42 genres and 26 families, highlighting Fabaceae. Ten specimens exhibited great versatility of use, however Ximennia americana L. and Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth showed the highest values of IR (2.0 and 1.65). The Therapeutic uses were grouped in 15 categories of bodily systems, with higher factor consensus among informants in: Infectious and parasitic diseases (1.0), disorder of the respiratory system (0.82) and Endocrine, nutrition and of metabolism (0.81). Due to the diversity of native species registered, it can be concluded that the preservation of these areas is of great importance for biodiversity conservation site and the informants involved have a vast knowledge of the vegetation contributing to the knowledge of potentially useful plants of the cerrado.


Subject(s)
Ethnobotany , Medicine, Traditional , Plants, Medicinal , Brazil
3.
Acta biol. colomb ; 20(1): 27-30, ene.-abr. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-734898

ABSTRACT

Nowadays, it is widely known that resistant pathogenic strains are becoming one of the greatest health problems related to human sciences. It is also known that fatty acids can present antimicrobial activity. The corn and soy oils are rich in fatty acids. In this regard, this work aimed to evaluate antibacterial and modulatory activity of these two industrial fixed oils. Both tests were performed using the microdilution method to Minimum inhibitory concentration under 1024 mg/ml. The aminoglycosides activity was enhanced by combining corn oil using E. coli 27. One of the mechanisms that might explain the synergism toward the corn oil, in part, might be due to the hidrophobic nature of the saturated and unsaturated lipids present in the sample. The results indicate that fixed oils might play a role as an alternative way to potentiate of the antimicrobial drugs.


Hoy en día, es ampliamente conocido que las cepas patógenas resistentes a antibioticos se están convirtiendo en uno de los mayores problemas de salud en el campo de la ciencias de la salud. También se sabe que los ácidos grasos pueden presentar actividad antimicrobiana. Los aceites de maíz y de soja son ricos en ácidos grasos. En este sentido, esta investigacion dirigida para evaluar la actividad antibacteriana y modulador de estos dos aceites fijos usados industrialmente. Ambas pruebas se realizaron utilizando el método de microdilución de concentración inhibitoria mínima en 1,024 mg/ml. La actividad de los aminoglucósidos se mejoró mediante la combinación de aceite de maíz usando E. coli 27. Uno de los mecanismos que podrían explicar la sinergia hacia el aceite de maíz, en parte, podría ser debido a la naturaleza hidrofóbica de los lípidos saturados e insaturados presentes en la muestra. Los resultados indican que los aceites fijos podrían desempeñar un papel como una forma alternativa para potenciar de los fármacos antimicrobianos.

4.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 13(5): 477-487, sept.2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-786496

ABSTRACT

Bowdichia virgilioides (Fabaceae - Papilionoidea), popularly known as Sucupira-preta, is a Brazilian native tree used in the traditional medicine against throat infections. Due this fact and due the interest to validate the traditional use, the objective of this work was evaluates the in vitro antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions of the stem and heartwood of the plant. The phytochemical profile revealed the presence of tannins and flavonoids in the stem and heartwood, and only alkaloids in the stem.The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids, natural products with several biological activities, including the modifying antibiotic activity. All microrganisms were inhibited only with MIC > 1024 microgramo/mL. However, when associated with aminoglycosides, was demonstrated a potentiation of these antibiotics when associated with almost all products assayed and against one bacterium at least.


Bowdichia virgilioides (Fabaceae - Papilionoidea), popularmente conhecida como Sucupira-preta, é uma espécie arbórea nativa do Brasil utilizadas na medicina popular para infecções de garganta. Com base nessas evidências, e com o interesse para justificar o uso popular, este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a atividade antibacteriana in vitro de extratos brutos e fracionados de cascas e cerne da planta. Observou-se pela conclusão do levantamento fitoquímico a presença de taninos e flavonóides nas cascas e no cerne, e alcalóides apenas encontrados na casca. A análise por HPLC revelou a presença de flavonóides e ácidos fenólicos, produtos naturais, com diversas atividades biológicas, incluindo a atividade modificadora antibiótica. Todos os microorganismos foram inibidos apenas com o CIM > 1024 ug/mL. No entanto, quando associado a antibióticos aminoglicosídeos, foi demonstrada potenciação destes em quase todos os produtos testados e em pelo menos uma bactéria foi observada uma atividade moduladora significativa.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Fabaceae/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Flavonoids/analysis , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Tannins/analysis
5.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 12(1): 38-43, ene. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-722506

ABSTRACT

The traditional use of plants in popular medicine has also indicated the way in the search for pharmacological agents. The need for new drugs is evidenced by the strong resistance of microorganisms. The fern Lygodium venustum had its antimicrobial potential measured, in this work, by the broth microdilution method. Its ability to modulate the action of antibiotics was also tested. Its hexane, dichloromethane and methanol fractions obtained from the ethanolic extract of fresh leaves were assayed. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was evaluated from the standard strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei. To check the modulating activity of antibiotics were used multi-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus and the same yeast strains used in CIM. The drugs used in modulating were antifungal and aminoglycosides. All results showed MIC >1024ug/mL activity. The fractions neither enhanced the action of antifungal agents against strains of Candida, nor the aminoglycosides against P. aeruginosa. However, interesting results potentiating the action of these were obtained against the E. coli and S. aureus. Such results suggest that secondary metabolites which are in this plant may be used to create new drugs in combination with aminoglycosides. This was the first report of activity-modifying action of antibiotics for fractions obtained from a fern family Lygodiaceae.


O tradicional uso das plantas na medicina popular vem indicando um caminho na busca de agentes farmacológicos. A necessidade de novos fármacos é evidenciada pela acentuada resistência dos microorganismos. A samambaia Lygodium venustum teve neste trabalho seu potencial antimicrobiano avaliado através do método de microdiluição em caldo. Também foi testada a sua capacidade de modular a ação de antibióticos. Foram ensaiadas suas frações hexânica, diclorometano e metanólica obtidas a partir do extrato etanólico das folhas frescas. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima foi avaliada frente às linhagens padrões de Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Candida krusei e Candida tropicalis. Na verificação da atividade moduladora de antibióticos foram utilizadas linhagens multirresistentes de P. aeruginosa, E. coli e S. aureus e as mesmas linhagens fúngicas utilizadas na CIM. As drogas usadas na modulação foram antifúngicos e aminoglicosídeos. Todos os resultados da CIM demonstraram atividade > 1024ug/mL. As frações não potencializaram a ação dos antifúngicos contra as linhagens de Candida, nem dos aminoglicosídeos frente à P. aeruginosa. Porém, interessantes resultados potencializando a ação destes foram obtidos frente à E. coli e S. aureus. Tais resultados sugerem que metabólitos secundários existentes no vegetal poderão ser utilizados para constituição de novas drogas em associação com aminoglicosídeos. Este foi o primeiro relato de atividade modificadora da ação de antibióticos por frações obtidas de uma pteridófita da família Lygodiaceae.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Ferns/chemistry , Bacteria , Ethanol , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Fungi , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
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